Gershwin: An American in Paris

Jazz is considered America’s unique contribution to world music, and George Gershwin (1898-1937) was an important pioneer in its development, by combining the blue notes of American roots music with European-style harmonies.

The French fell in love with jazz in the 1920’s, perhaps because its colorful chords sounded like natural extensions of Debussy, Satie and Ravel. Gershwin made multiple trips to Paris during this period, seeking tutelage from Ravel or Nadia Boulanger (both of whom turned him down), and it was these visits which inspired this symphonic poem.

Gershwin had demonstrated an ability to capture musical impressions of haphazard New York City life in his earlier Rhapsody in Blue (1924), which was criticized by classical purists for its lack of discernible form. In applying this gift of urban portraiture to Paris, he offered no apology, writing “My purpose here is to portray the impression of an American visitor in Paris as he strolls about the city and listens to various street noises and absorbs the French atmosphere.” To achieve some of these effects, the score calls for instruments not normally found in a classical orchestra: saxophones, taxi horns and a wide array of percussion.

Gershwin also described his original concept for the piece as a “rhapsodic ballet” because of its free development of scene, mood and gesture. Ironically, his use of rubato (fluid, discretionary changes in tempo) was generally intended to make the point that jazz need not be strictly metrical for dancing purposes.

And An American in Paris indeed became a ballet in the climactic scene of the 1951 film of the same name, starring Gene Kelly and Leslie Caron. The sixteen-minute sequence cost half a million dollars to produce. The film was recently reborn as a Broadway musical, which opened at the Palace Theatre in April 2015, and runs through June 2016.

Grams a "Titan" in Debut as Elgin Symphony Director

A new direction could be seen as well as heard in the Elgin Symphony Orchestra's season opener Saturday night at the near-capacity Hemmens Cultural Center. 

Regular patrons noticed the changes to the orchestra's former layout, with basses on the left and low brass on the right. Cellos and second violins swapped positions, following a recent trend toward authenticity which suited this weekend's program especially well.

In his conducting debut as ESO Music Director, the dashing Andrew Grams preceded his opening remarks with a gracious rendition of the National Anthem, bringing both the audience and the musicians to their feet. His welcome was instantly endearing as he invited the community to join him and the ESO on a "musical journey" — a theme echoed by his message in the printed program guide which, like last year, was strong on content but noticeably weak on ad sales.

The two concert works by George Gershwin marked an excellent place to begin this journey, as they represent a uniquely American blend of jazz, popular song, and classical rigor.   Many listeners can only relate to symphonic music in the context of motion picture soundtracks, thus the attention-grabbing Second Rhapsody, taken from a 1932 movie score, fit the occasion perfectly. The powerful strides of solo pianist Terrence Wilson, along with colorful clarinet and muted trumpet remind us why we never tire of Gershwin's portrayals of the raucous counterpoint of twentieth century urban life.

Variations on "I Got Rhythm" showcased the professionalism of the ESO, which sounded like a fine studio orchestra, but at times overpowered Wilson's effervescent piano, making it difficult to hear during tutti sections. Grams' conducting was sometimes animated and evocative, and other times polished and pragmatic throughout the first half of the program.

After intermission, thoughtful remarks by Elgin Mayor David Kaptain highlighted the history and partnership of the city and its ensemble, noting that many of the ESO's artists serve the local community as teachers. One local student symbolically passed the baton to new Music Director Andrew Grams, who becomes only the fourth in 64 years.

It's clear why Maestro Grams is so popular with the musicians and Board (as he will be with audiences). He seems to cherish his audience, engaging us without condescending; and his style is spontaneous and casual but still elegant, opting for a suit and necktie instead of a white bow and tails.

The program concluded with Symphony No. 1 "Titan" by Gustav Mahler, an immense work requiring nearly double the typical number of wind instruments, and lasting the better part of an hour. Similar in concept and reminiscent of well-known works by Mahler's contemporary Richard Strauss, "Titan" is very listenable as it travels through a wide expanse of space, scale and setting. Despite the occasional imprecisions that creep into early fall performances, the brilliant section work by the ESO winds was matched by Maestro Grams' dramatic interpretation and eloquent left hand. With its changing moods, diction, turns and false endings, Mahler's "Titan" was a superb choice of overture to what we hope are many successful seasons with Andrew Grams and the Elgin Symphony Orchestra.

Elgin Symphony and Choral Union Join for "Gershwin in Blue"

Elgin Symphony Orchestra displayed its impressive versatility in presenting groundbreaking works by George Gershwin in its weekend pops program entitled "Gershwin in Blue." The ESO, joined by the Elgin Choral Union, guest artists, and Associate Conductor Stephen Squires will give repeat performances Saturday, April 16th at 8:00 p.m. and Sunday, April 17th at 3:30 p.m.

Born into the cultural upheaval of turn-of-the-century Brooklyn, George Gershwin arrived at just the right time and place to carve out a distinctly American musical niche. Combining his Russian-Jewish musical ethos with the avant-garde harmonies of French composers like Ravel and Debussy, together with the panache of American march, vaudeville, theatre and popular song, and propelled by the rhythms of ragtime and the stop-and-go life of the big city, Gershwin successfully fused together elements of early jazz, Broadway, opera, gospel spirituals and European art music in a way never known before or since.

A short, but memorable "hit parade" of his works from Tin Pan Alley and Hollywood opened the program Friday afternoon, to the delight of three generations of music lovers in the audience, who warmly congratulated Maestro Squires on his twenty years with the ESO. 

The instrumental highlight of the program was the iconic Rhapsody in Blue, featuring pianist Jodie DeSalvo. First written as a kind of experimental piano concerto for "King of Jazz" Paul Whiteman's band in 1924, the orchestral arrangement retains much of the club-like intimacy of a rhythm section and horns, but adds a beautiful gloss of strings and the drama of orchestral percussion. Ms. DeSalvo navigated the complex keyboard score with an unreserved emotion and humanity that even Beethoven would have admired, a welcome contrast to the mechanical style of some of today's music school products. Exchanging eloquent single-note melodies and ringing chords between piano and orchestra, the ensemble pulled off subtle, unexpected timings like a speakeasy combo, creating an improvisational effect that grabs your attention and holds it like only jazz can do. In a piece that still sounds edgy after eighty-seven years, the ESO brought Gershwin's signature sound vividly to life: the sounds of both the bright lights and the shades of gray that colored New York City life in the 1920's.

Seven hundred miles to the South, DuBose Heyward was writing a novel about African American life in Charleston, South Carolina, entitled "Porgy." His detailed, sympathetic portrayal of "Catfish Row" culture appealed to Gershwin, and together they created the opera Porgy and Bess based on the novel. It premiered in New York in 1935 with an all-black cast and endured numerous revisions throughout its controversial history. The 40-minute concert version heard this weekend features fourteen songs and excerpts arranged for soprano, baritone and choir.

The graceful and elegant soprano of Ollie Watts Davis gave beautiful shape to the lyrics of "Summertime" and "My Man's Gone Now," yet her superb tone and control leave you wanting to hear more than just what this libretto has to offer. The dashing Leon Williams injected a touch of drama into his charismatic deliveries of "It Ain't Necessarily So" and "I Got Plenty O' Nuttin'," animating his solos with just the right body language and gesture. In duets, their voices meshed seamlessly without losing each one's distinct quality. 

The Elgin Choral Union provided a robust textural balance in ensemble movements and in call-and-response settings of Gershwin and Heyward's colorful, regional lyrics. Formidable male and female solos added variety to their vibrant sound. Other standouts included fantastic ESO performances on mallets, muted brass, and solo reeds, especially the juke joint licks of the lead clarinet. The Hemmens stage, filled by soloists, orchestra, and choir is an awesome sight, but the words to Porgy and Bess were a little hard to hear for those with more than 20 rows in front of them (or more than 40 years behind them). Nonetheless, conductor Stephen Squires elicited an amazing performance of the ever-changing keys and rhythms of the multicultural nation that Gershwin knew and loved, a musical legacy that is both black and white, urban and rural, highbrow and hepcat, and quintessentially American.